Global Warming and Role of Government,NGO’S Teachers and Individuals
Paper presented in
State level Seminar on 17-18 Sept.2008
held at Govt. College of Education,Akola
By :
Dr.Mahesh C. Dabre
Smt. L. R. T. College of Commerce,
Akola.
Smt. L. R. T. College of Commerce,
Akola.
The issue of global warming first entered the general public’s consciousness during the unusually hot summer of 1988, when James Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Goddard Institute for space studies warned that the Earth’s temperature was steadily rising. Most scientists specializing in climate studies agreed that the trend was at least partially caused by carbon dioxide emissions from industrial activity.
The United Nationals, alarmed by this and similar revelations, established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) by the end of 1988 to asses the impacts of global warming and suggest strategies by which nations could curb carbon dioxide emissions. Subsequent research revealed that the 10 Warmest years in recorded history (dating back 150 years) occurred during the 1980s and 1990s and that the average global temperature rose by 0.6 degree Celsius ( 1 degree Fahrenheit ) during the 20th century. The amount IPCC’s first Assessment Report issued in 1990, concluded that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would double by the middle of the 21st century, resulting in the fastest rate of climate change in the last 10,000 years.
Global warming would threaten the existence of plants and animals unable to adapt or migrate quickly enough to keep pace with the rate of climate change. Finally, increased temperature would maximize the breeding range of disease mosquitoes, spreading diseases such as malaria and dengue fever into area where people lacked immunity.
Evidence for global warming was gathered throughout the 20th century. In 1938, Guy s. Callendar used data collected at 200 whether stations around the would to conclude that the Earth’s temperature had risen 0.6 degree Celsius ( 1 Degree Fahrenheit ) during the precious 50 years. Measurement at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii showed a global rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and early 19th centuries.
The international community has taken steps to confront the problem of global warming. These include forming the IPCC, as well as drafting the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which urged signatory nations to reduce greenhouse emissions to 1990 levels by 2000. Five years later, representatives from more than 150 countries, dissatisfied with the voluntary nature of the UNFCCC, gathered in Kyoto, Japan to draft legally binding targets and timetables for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A debate erupted between development and wealth nations over who should pay for the necessary technological transition, but an agreement was eventually reached that called for industrialized countries to cut emission by an average of 5 percent below 1990 levels for the year 2008 through 2012.
The world community thus made it clear that it has resolved to the confront potential global warming problems with or without the involvements to the United states, China, India, and Other countries reluctant to contribute to the solution.
The role of Government, NGOs, individuals, school and colleges is cital in solving the problem. With the help of these all one can implement the following programs and can overcome the problem of global warming.
Biodiversity conservation
1.
Plantation of more trees of local or indigenous species around our workplace and encourage our friends to do so. Plants are vital to our survival in many ways.
2.
2.
If our urban garden is too small for trees, plant local shrubs and creepers instead. These support birds and insect life that form a vital component of the food chains in the nature. Urban biodiversity conservation is feasible and can support a limited but valuable diversity of life.
3.
3.
If we live in an apartment, grow a terrace or balcony garden using potted plants, which also add to the beauty of your house.
4.
4.
Whenever and wherever possible prevent trees form being cut, or if it is not possible prevent trees form being cut, or if it is not possible for us to prevent this, report it immediately to the concerned authorities. Old trees are especially important.
5.
5.
Insist on keeping our hills frees of settlements or similar encroachments. The degradation of hill slopes leads to severe environmental problems.
6.
6.
When shopping, choose products in limited packaging. It will not only help cut, or if it is not possible for paper and packaging.
7.
7.
Look for ways to reduce the use of paper. Use both side of every sheet of paper and send our waste paper for recycling.
8.
8.
Buy recycled paper products for our home; e.g. sheet of paper, envelopes, etc.
9.
9.
Reuse cartons and gift-wrapping paper. Recycle newspaper and waste paper instead of throwing it away as garbage.
10.
10.
Donate used book and magazines to schools, hospital, or libraries. The donations will not only help these organizations, but also will reduce the exploitation of natural resources used to produce paper.
11.
11.
Participate in the events that highlight the need for creating sanctuaries and national parks, nature trails, open spaces, and saving forests.
12.
12.
Support Projects Tiger, Projects Elephant, etc., and join NGOs that deal with environmental protection and nature conservation.
13.
13.
Involve our self and friends in activities carried out during Wildlife Week other publication functions such as tree plantation drives and protests against destruction of the environment.
Habitat Preservation
Habitat Preservation
1.
Visit forests responsibility. Remember to bring out everything we take in, and clean up any litter left by others. Stay on marked trails, and respect the fact that wildlife need peace and quit. Study the ecosystem; it gives one a greater sense of responsibility to conserve it.
Visit forests responsibility. Remember to bring out everything we take in, and clean up any litter left by others. Stay on marked trails, and respect the fact that wildlife need peace and quit. Study the ecosystem; it gives one a greater sense of responsibility to conserve it.
2.
Be kind to animals. Stop friends from disturbing or being cruel to wild creatures such as birds, frogs, snakes, lizards and insects.
Be kind to animals. Stop friends from disturbing or being cruel to wild creatures such as birds, frogs, snakes, lizards and insects.
3.
Learn about birds and identify the birds that are common in our area. Understand their food requirements and feeding habits. Construction artificial nesting boxes for birds. This will encourage birds to stay in our neighborhood, even if their nesting habitat is scarce. We can learn more about birds by making a birdbath. Birds need water to drink and to keep their features clean. We can make a birdbath out of a big ceramic or plastic saucer. Having birds around our home, school or college can even help increase species diversity in the area.
Learn about birds and identify the birds that are common in our area. Understand their food requirements and feeding habits. Construction artificial nesting boxes for birds. This will encourage birds to stay in our neighborhood, even if their nesting habitat is scarce. We can learn more about birds by making a birdbath. Birds need water to drink and to keep their features clean. We can make a birdbath out of a big ceramic or plastic saucer. Having birds around our home, school or college can even help increase species diversity in the area.
4.
Attract wildlife such as small mammals, such as squirrels, to our garden by providing running or dripping water. Make a hole in the bottom of a bucket and poke a string through to serve as a wick. Hang a bucket on a tree branch above our birdbath to fill it gradually with water throughout the day.
Attract wildlife such as small mammals, such as squirrels, to our garden by providing running or dripping water. Make a hole in the bottom of a bucket and poke a string through to serve as a wick. Hang a bucket on a tree branch above our birdbath to fill it gradually with water throughout the day.
5.
Protect wildlife, especially birds and insects that are insectivorous and live in our neighborhood by eliminating the use of chemicals in our garden. Instead, use vermicompost and introduce natural pest predators. Do us gardening and landscaping using local plants to control the pests in your garden.
Protect wildlife, especially birds and insects that are insectivorous and live in our neighborhood by eliminating the use of chemicals in our garden. Instead, use vermicompost and introduce natural pest predators. Do us gardening and landscaping using local plants to control the pests in your garden.
6.
If we have pets, feed them well and give them a proper home and in an emergency proper medical care.
If we have pets, feed them well and give them a proper home and in an emergency proper medical care.
7.
When we visit a zoo, learn about the animals that are found there but do not tease or hunt them through the bars of their cage. They have a right to a peaceful existence. The zoo is, in any case, not an ideal home for them.
Soil conservation
When we visit a zoo, learn about the animals that are found there but do not tease or hunt them through the bars of their cage. They have a right to a peaceful existence. The zoo is, in any case, not an ideal home for them.
Soil conservation
1.
Cover the soil farm our garden with a layer of mulch to prevent soil erosion in the rains and to conserve soil moisture. Mulch can be made form grass-clippings or leaf-letter.
Cover the soil farm our garden with a layer of mulch to prevent soil erosion in the rains and to conserve soil moisture. Mulch can be made form grass-clippings or leaf-letter.
2.
If we plan to plant on a steep in our farm or garden, prevent soil erosion by first terracing the area. Terraces help in slowing the rain water running downhill so it can soak into the soil rather than carry the soil away.
If we plan to plant on a steep in our farm or garden, prevent soil erosion by first terracing the area. Terraces help in slowing the rain water running downhill so it can soak into the soil rather than carry the soil away.
3.
Help prevent soil erosion in our community by planting trees and ground-covering plants that help hold the soil in place. We might organize a group of citizen to identify places that need planting, raise founds, work with the local government to plant trees, shrubs and grasses, and maintain them over the long term.
Help prevent soil erosion in our community by planting trees and ground-covering plants that help hold the soil in place. We might organize a group of citizen to identify places that need planting, raise founds, work with the local government to plant trees, shrubs and grasses, and maintain them over the long term.
4.
If our college is surrounded by open space, evaluate how well the soil is being conserved. Look for place where soil can run off, like on an unplanted steep slope or stream bank, or where the soil is exposed rather than covered with mulch.
If our college is surrounded by open space, evaluate how well the soil is being conserved. Look for place where soil can run off, like on an unplanted steep slope or stream bank, or where the soil is exposed rather than covered with mulch.
5.
Add organic matter to enrich our garden soil; e.g. compost form kitchen scrap and manure from poultry and cows are good sources of nutrients. Make sure the manure is not too fresh and that we do not use too much. Healthy soil grows healthy plants, and it reduces the need for insecticides and herbicides.
Add organic matter to enrich our garden soil; e.g. compost form kitchen scrap and manure from poultry and cows are good sources of nutrients. Make sure the manure is not too fresh and that we do not use too much. Healthy soil grows healthy plants, and it reduces the need for insecticides and herbicides.
6.
In our vegetable garden, rotate crops to prevent the depletion of nutrients. Legumes like peas and beans put nitrogen back into the soil.
In our vegetable garden, rotate crops to prevent the depletion of nutrients. Legumes like peas and beans put nitrogen back into the soil.
7.
Set up a composts pit in our college or garden, so that we can enrich our soil with the organic waste form the kitchen and cut down the amount of wastes it sends to a landfill. Set up buckets in our college or lunchroom, where fruits and left over food can be put. Empty the buckets daily into a compost pit, and use the rich compost formed in a few weeks to enrich the soil around the college.
Set up a composts pit in our college or garden, so that we can enrich our soil with the organic waste form the kitchen and cut down the amount of wastes it sends to a landfill. Set up buckets in our college or lunchroom, where fruits and left over food can be put. Empty the buckets daily into a compost pit, and use the rich compost formed in a few weeks to enrich the soil around the college.
8.
Encourage our local zoo, farms, and other organizations or people that house a large number of animals to provide our community with biofertilizer made form animal manure. This can be composted to make a rich fertilizer, and it forms an additional source of income for the animal owner.
Encourage our local zoo, farms, and other organizations or people that house a large number of animals to provide our community with biofertilizer made form animal manure. This can be composted to make a rich fertilizer, and it forms an additional source of income for the animal owner.
9.
Buy organically- grown produce to help reduce the amount of toxic pesticides used in farm that harm soil organisms. Look for organically-grown produce in your grocery shop, or try growing some our self of we have the space.
Buy organically- grown produce to help reduce the amount of toxic pesticides used in farm that harm soil organisms. Look for organically-grown produce in your grocery shop, or try growing some our self of we have the space.
10.
Support environmental campaigns in our state and community. Cutting down on irresponsible development can protect soil, biodiversity, and enhance our quality of life.
Support environmental campaigns in our state and community. Cutting down on irresponsible development can protect soil, biodiversity, and enhance our quality of life.
Conserving water
1.
Reduce the amount of water used for daily activities; e.g., turn off the tap while brushing our teeth to save water.
Reduce the amount of water used for daily activities; e.g., turn off the tap while brushing our teeth to save water.
2.
Reuse the rinsing water for house-plants. Reduce the water that vegetables are washed in to water the plants in our garden or our potted plants.
Reuse the rinsing water for house-plants. Reduce the water that vegetables are washed in to water the plants in our garden or our potted plants.
3.
Always water the plants early in the morning to minimize evaporation.
Always water the plants early in the morning to minimize evaporation.
4.
Soak the dishes before washing them to reduce water and detergents usage.
Soak the dishes before washing them to reduce water and detergents usage.
5.
Look for leaks in the toilet and bathroom, to save several liters of water a day.
Look for leaks in the toilet and bathroom, to save several liters of water a day.
6.
While watering plants, water, take only as rapidly as the soil can absorb the water.
While watering plants, water, take only as rapidly as the soil can absorb the water.
7.
Use a trip irrigation system to water more efficiently.
Use a trip irrigation system to water more efficiently.
8.
When we need to drinking water, take only as much as we need to avoid wastage. So many people in our country don’t even have access to clean drinking water!
When we need to drinking water, take only as much as we need to avoid wastage. So many people in our country don’t even have access to clean drinking water!
9.
Saving precious rainwater is very important. Harvest rainwater form rooftops and use it sustain ably to recharge wells to reduce the burden on rivers and lakes.
Saving precious rainwater is very important. Harvest rainwater form rooftops and use it sustain ably to recharge wells to reduce the burden on rivers and lakes.
10.
Monitor and control wastage going into drains for preventing water pollution.
Monitor and control wastage going into drains for preventing water pollution.
11.
Replace chemicals like phenyl, strong detergents, shampoo, chemical pesticides and fertilizers used in our home with environment friendly alternatives, such as neem and biofertilizers. Groundwater contamination by household chemical is a growing concern.
Replace chemicals like phenyl, strong detergents, shampoo, chemical pesticides and fertilizers used in our home with environment friendly alternatives, such as neem and biofertilizers. Groundwater contamination by household chemical is a growing concern.
12.
For Ganesh Chaturthi, bring home a clay idol instead of a plaster of Paris idol and donate it instead of immersing it in the river to reduce river pollution.
Conserving energy
For Ganesh Chaturthi, bring home a clay idol instead of a plaster of Paris idol and donate it instead of immersing it in the river to reduce river pollution.
Conserving energy
1.
Turn off the light fans and air-conditioning when not necessary.
Turn off the light fans and air-conditioning when not necessary.
2.
Use low voltage light.
Use low voltage light.
3.
Use tube lights and energy-saver bulbs as they consumed less electricity.
Use tube lights and energy-saver bulbs as they consumed less electricity.
4.
Switch off the radio and television when not required.
Switch off the radio and television when not required.
5.
Use alternative source of energy like solar power for heating water and for cooking food.
Use alternative source of energy like solar power for heating water and for cooking food.
6.
cut down on the use of electrical applications.
cut down on the use of electrical applications.
7.
In summer, shut the windows, curtains and door early in morning to keep the house cool.
In summer, shut the windows, curtains and door early in morning to keep the house cool.
8.
use a pressure cooker as much as possibal to save energy.
use a pressure cooker as much as possibal to save energy.
9.
Turn off the stove immediately after use.
Turn off the stove immediately after use.
10.
Plan and keep things ready before we start cooking.
Plan and keep things ready before we start cooking.
11.
Keep the vessels closed while cooking and always use small, narrow-mouthed vessels to conserve energy.
Keep the vessels closed while cooking and always use small, narrow-mouthed vessels to conserve energy.
12.
When the food is almost cooked, switch off the gas stove and keep the vessel closed. It will get completely cooked with the steam already present inside.
When the food is almost cooked, switch off the gas stove and keep the vessel closed. It will get completely cooked with the steam already present inside.
13.
Soak rice, pluses etc., before cooking to reduce cooking time and save fuel.
Soak rice, pluses etc., before cooking to reduce cooking time and save fuel.
14.
Get your family to eat together, it will save re-heating fuel.
Get your family to eat together, it will save re-heating fuel.
15.
Select light shade of paint for walls and ceilings, as it will reflect more light and reduce electrical consumption.
Select light shade of paint for walls and ceilings, as it will reflect more light and reduce electrical consumption.
16.
Position our reading tables near the window and cut down on our electricity bill by reading in natural light.
Position our reading tables near the window and cut down on our electricity bill by reading in natural light.
17.
Use a bicycle- it occupies less space, releases no pollutant and provides healthy exercise.
Use a bicycle- it occupies less space, releases no pollutant and provides healthy exercise.
18.
Try using public transport systems like trains and provides healthy exercise.
19.
Try using public transport systems like trains and provides healthy exercise.
19.
Plan our trips and routes before setting out.
20..
Walk rather than drive whether possible. Walking is one of the best exercise for your health.
Walk rather than drive whether possible. Walking is one of the best exercise for your health.
21.
Get our vehicles serviced regularly to reduce fuel consumption and pollution levels.
Get our vehicles serviced regularly to reduce fuel consumption and pollution levels.
0 comments:
Post a Comment